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regard to the reasoning actually in use in the science of our day, it is very far from being true that all men will agree as to what is and what is not good reasoning; nor does any man become a really accomplished scientific reasoner without the formation of logical ideals that he did not have [?ther] his studies began.
Unless he is a close student of logic, he is not half conscious of this.
For his logical ideals are not nearly so distinct to his direct abstract apprehension as the accuracy with which he compares inferences with them might lead one to suppose; so much so that the reasoner usually has entirely false theories as to what his own logical ideals are.
All this is quite unknown to the defendent, owning to their confining their studies of inferences to the most childishly simple kinds; and that