De Magnetica [...] Plantarum p. 620

draw their nutriment through unified membranes or cylindrical threads, and this method is again divided into different sorts: the first is when the scion is inserted between the bark and the wood, and is called 'emphyllismos' or infoliation; the second, when the scion is fixed into the split wood, is properly called 'encentrismos' or ingrafting; the third is done like a plaster and is known as 'enophthalmismos' or inoculation: the fourth is called 'through the bottle', with a perforated rod of willow; on these see Pliny, Columella, Pietro de' Crescenzi and others.

CANON I.

Different trees are grafted to different but similar trees to themselves.

Any scion can be grafted to any tree provided that it is not dissimilar to the bark of the tree to which it is grafted, but if in addition it bears similar fruit, and at the same season, the birth is that much easier. So in order to implant by ingrafting into one tree a scion of any other tree, first the orientation of the fibres in each of them must be observed: for if you graft a northerly direction of fibres in the scion to a southerly direction of fibres in the stock, the whole business will come to nothing: for the scion will wither and put on no growth. But it you graft southerly fibres into southerly, and northerly into northerly, they unite easily by phytomagnetism, a thing which I should wish you to observe as a priority in any grafting work. Observe secondly that not every tree unites easily with whichever other you choose, but only those which enjoy a certain similarity of nature. Those which conflict by a dissimilarity of nature can not be made to come together. With Yew no tree will suffer marriage. On the other hand the Fig is easily wedded to Mulberry and Plane, the Mulberry to Chestnut, Beech, Apple, wild Pear, Terebinth, Elm, white Poplar and hence also white Mulberry: a Pear grafted to Almond and Terebinth, and also a Pear grafted to a Mulberry, will bear red pears, and Apple is grafted to all kinds of wild pear. Again, the Nut is grafted only to Crabapple, Pomegranate to Willow, Laurel to Apple, Peach to Damson, while the Chestnut enjoys various arboreal adulteries, the Cherry respects the hospitality of neither Peach nor Terebinth, the Quince and the Wild Fig consort with any tree you like, and prostitute themselves to every scion: lastly, the Elaeostaphylum [olive-grape] is produced from a vine grafted to an olive: the Persico-morum [peach-mulberry] will result from the joining of Peach and Mulberry, whence also Peaches of a blood-red colour take their origin.